Analysis of various scenarios of the behavior of voltage–current characteristics of direct-current microdischarges at atmospheric pressure

© 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Inc.The voltage–current characteristics of a discharge at atmospheric pressure in a wide range of discharge currents have been numerically studied within a hybrid model for a gas-discharge plasma with a self-consistent description of the heating of a cathode. Segments corresponding to a normal glow discharge, a transition from a glow discharge to an arc discharge, and an arc discharge have been revealed on the voltage–current characteristics. All main parameters of the plasma have been obtained for each of these segments of the voltage–current characteristics of the discharge

Analytical calculation of distributions of the electron density and the concentration of impurity ions in a thermal dusty plasma using the jellium model for condensed particles

© 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.Self-consistent spatial distributions of the electron density in the entire volume of condensed-matter particles and the surrounding plasma, as well as distributions of the concentration of ions of easily ionized impurity atoms, are obtained using the jellium model to describe particles. It is established that electron emission from condensed particles in a thermal dusty plasma containing an impurity of an easily ionized element may weaken with an increase in temperature. The electron emission from particles is shown to increase with a decrease in their radius at a constant temperature. A plasma region with violated ionization equilibrium is found to form near the surface of condensed particles

On-chip spatiotemporal optical vortex generation using an integrated metal-dielectric resonator

We theoretically demonstrate the possibility of generating a spatiotemporal optical vortex (STOV) beam in a dielectric slab waveguide. The STOV is generated upon reflection of a spatiotemporal optical pulse from an integrated metal-dielectric structure consisting of metal strips "buried" in the waveguide. For describing the interaction of the incident pulse with the integrated structure, we derive its "vectorial" spatiotemporal transfer function (TF) describing the transformation of the electromagnetic field components of the incident pulse. We show that if the TF of the structure corresponds to the TF of a spatiotemporal differentiator with a $\pi/2$ phase difference between the terms describing temporal and spatial differentiation, then the envelope of the reflected pulse will contain an STOV in all nonzero components of the electromagnetic field. The obtained theoretical results are in good agreement with the results of rigorous numerical simulation of the STOV generation using a three-strip metal-dielectric integrated structure. We believe that the presented results pave the way for the research and application of STOV beams in the on-chip geometry.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure

Recycling of wastes of agricultural production and rural settlements to produce biogas and organic matter

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. In most regions of the Russian Federation today has a highly developed agriculture and processing enterprises, respectively with a high concentration of resources for production of biogas. On the Volga and southern districts account for a total of about 58% of the biogas potential. In the processing of all waste of agriculture and processing enterprises can fully supply gas to rural areas

Instrumental research method of qualitative composition of landfill gas in the surface layer of landfills

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. The article analyzes the practice of waste management in Russia. The system of target indicators of the efficient landfills functioning is formalized. The method of instrumental analysis of concentration and qualitative composition of landfill gas in the surface layer of the Samosyrovo landfill is presented

Landfill energy complex based on the renewable energy installations

The article presents the analysis of standard approaches to degassing of landfills. The need of comprehensive work on the degassing of the landfill body is identified. The author's task decomposition of the landfill degassing is formulated. The analysis of existing methods of work on degassing of landfills is presented. The author's approach is including implements of series of parallel studies in the framework of achieving a common goal to reduce the anthropogenic pressure on the ecosystem of the region due to the need for disposal of solid waste. An action plan for the development of the target problem-oriented management techniques of the landfill with the following development of the effective energy complex is formulated

Obtaining alternative fuel from sweet sorghum in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. In the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation the main types of energy resources is the FCM (fuel-lubricating materials), electricity, coal and gas. Priority energy is determined depending on the orientation of the activity of the agricultural enterprise. In the cost of getting products one of the key factors is its energy intensity. Under the energy intensity means the amount of energy expended per unit of finished product. Domestic manufacturers lag behind on this indicator from their foreign colleagues. Greatly influenced by the climatic conditions of production, which affects the amount of energy expended annually becoming more expensive. In the article, the authors address a topical issue of renewable(alternative) fuels from sweet sorghum in the stems of which contains from 14 to 21 % sugar. In the Republic of Tatarstan tested and introduced varieties of sweet sorghum. On the basis of literary data and carried out their own research given a set of equipment and presents non-waste production chain of biodiesel and fuel pellets from stems of sweet sorghum

Step-Down dc-dc Converter for Low Temperature Plasma

© 2018 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved. This paper presents a step down converter with a high speed rectifier and filter for Argon plasma torches. Buck circuit with a high frequency pulse width modulation control and very fast MOSFET transistor were used for switching. For Argon (Ar) gas Plasma Torches, and by increasing the pulse width, the average output voltage has modified from 80 V up to 100 V. The frequency of the designed step down converter was steady at 20 KHz

Research of the influence of the geometry of the discharge chamber on the characteristics of the arc plasmatron.

© 2018 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved. This work shows the possibility of a significant effect on the characteristics of the plasma torch by changing the diameter of the arc chamber along its length

Experimental setup for plasma treatment of disperse materials in the arc plasma jet

The experimental setup for the plasma treatment of particulate materials was created. Spend the processing of composite powder of chromium oxide with aluminium oxide